Saturday, January 10, 2015

Digital Scrapbook Entry #5: China

"China Silk Production -  Major, Minor and Major Again "


     The mulberry silk moth is native to China and about 4000 BC the Chinese were the first to discover that the cocoon could be unwound into a long thread and used to make very fine cloth.  For many centuries silk use was limited to China.  Then starting around 500 BC the famous silk road was created and for the next thousand years China was mostly able to keep how silk was made a secret and had a near monopoly on the world's silk production.   An exception was about 200 BC Korea created its own silk industry thanks to a few Chinese immigrants who had settled there.  Finally about 300 AD, silk farming, or sericulture began to spread into India, Japan, and Persia, making silk a part of the history of those cultures. The Roman Empire knew the trading of silk. Despite its popularity, however, the secret of silk-making was only to reach Europe around 550 AD. According to a legend enshrined in silk history monks working for the emperor Justinian smuggled silkworm eggs to Constantinople in hollow bamboo walking canes. Thus during the sixth century China lost its monopoly on silk production and it's economy suffered from the loss of that export.  

     By the twentieth century Japan had become the primary producer of silk but during the Second World War silk supplies from Japan were cut off and western countries were forced to find substitutes. Synthetic fibers such as nylon began to be used in products such as parachutes and stockings, replacing silk. The continued rise in importance of synthetic fibers and loosening of the protectionist economy contributed to the decline of Japan's silk industry, and by 1975 it was no longer a net exporter of silk. With its recent economic reforms, the People's Republic of China has once again established itself as the world's largest silk producer. In 1996 it produced 58,000 tonnes out of a world production of 81,000, with India at 13,000 tonnes being a distant second. World silk production has approximately doubled during the last 30 years in spite of man-made fibers replacing silk for many uses. Thus starting in the late 1970's China, the country that first developed sericulture, thousands years ago, dramatically increased its silk production and has again become by far the world’s leading producer of silk.

For thousands of years China had a near monopoly on the production of silk but starting about 500 AD production gradually moved to other countries, especially Japan and India.  By the mid nineteenth century European silk culture was very important  but it went into decline from disease and also the opening of the Suez canal made it easier to import silk from the Far East.  Then by adopting modern methods of production for much of the twentieth century Japan had been the major producer of silk.  With the advent of synthetic fibers, such as nylon silk, became much less important in world trade and  China played a small part in the relatively small market for silk.  But by the 1980's China began to quickly modernize and Japan had almost stopped producing silk.  As a result China has once again, after 1500 years, become by far the most important producer of silk and silk products.


















Citations:








Current Event Article:

 Market Intelligence on Chinas Culture

18 February, 2014 - 01:13 aprilholloway
Link: http://chinaag.org/production/china-agriculture-crops/silk/

Ancient Article:

History Of Silk

Wikipedia

Link:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_silk




No comments:

Post a Comment